Fig. 5: Digoxin inhibits liver metastasis in the MKN45 orthotopic xenograft model.
From: Digoxin promotes anoikis of circulating cancer cells by targeting Na+/K+-ATPase α3-isoform
A The series of images showed the growth of transplanted gastric cancers in the stomach (top) and their metastasis to the liver (middle) in each orthotopic xenograft mouse treated with or without digoxin (2 mg/kg/day). Ex vivo bioluminescence imaging of the liver (bottom) further identifies liver metastases. Arrowheads indicate metastatic gastric cancers in the liver. B The numbers of liver metastasis were compared between control (n = 9) and digoxin-treated (n = 10) mice. *p < 0.05. C Bioluminescence intensities were quantified ex vivo in the liver of control (n = 9) and digoxin-treated (n = 10) mice. *p < 0.05. D Body weights were compared between control (n = 9) and digoxin-treated (n = 10) mice. E Tumor weights isolated from stomachs were compared between control (n = 9) and digoxin-treated (n = 10) mice. Immunohistochemistry using anti-α3NaK antibody was performed in primary gastric cancer tissues in the stomach (F) and metastatic cancer tissues in the liver (G). Scale bars, 10 μm.
