Fig. 2: Mac-ADSCs enhance proliferation, migration, invasion and functional changes in wild-type cells.

A Schematic of the coculture system used for functional assays. The figure was created with Figdraw (https://www.figdraw.com/) and is permitted for publication. B Effect of Mac-ADSCs conditioned medium (CM) on proliferation of ADSCs, FBs and VECs assessed by CCK-8 assay. C–E Migration and invasion capacities of (C) ADSCs, (D) FBs, and (E) VECs evaluated by Transwell assays. F mRNA levels of collagen markers in FBs when cocultured with different ADSCs. G mRNA levels of adipogenesis markers in ADSCs after 3 days of adipogenic induction. H Oil Red O staining of ADSCs after 12 days of adipogenic induction. I Representative images of angiogenic tube formation by VECs cocultured with different ADSCs. Scale bars: 100 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. ns, not significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 by ANOVA analysis.