Table 2 Molecular factors related to anoikis resistance in GC.

ITGBL1

Akt-FBLN2

axis

in vitro (AGS and MKN45 cells)

in vivo (mouse)

[97]

CAV-1

Activation of Src, PI3K/Akt, and MEK/ERK pathways

in vitro (SGC-7901 cells)

[98]

PD

Activation of c-JUN and p38MAPK

in vitro (AGS cells)

[99]

CLDN1

Activation of β-Catenin

pathway

in vitro (AGS, NCI-N87, KATO III, HS746T and MKN45 cells)

in vivo (mouse)

[100]

PDGFB

Activation of MAPK

pathways

in vitro (MKN45)

in vivo (mouse)

[101]

PLAUR

Inhibition of Caspases 3/7 mediated by PLAUR-induced transcription

factor TCF7L2

in vitro (AGS, MGC-803 KATO III, HCG-27 and MKN45 cells)

in vivo (mouse)

[102]

GDF15

Activation of the Protective Autophagy

in vitro (AGS and MKN45 cells)

[103]

ATG4B -circSPECC1-ELAVL1

Regulation of Autophagy

in vitro (AGS, MKN45, MKN74 and MKN28, HCG-27, BGC823 and MGC803

in vivo (mouse)

[104]

MYH9

Activation of WNT/ β pathway upon CTNNB1 transcription

in vitro (MGC 80-3, MKN-45, HGC-27, AGS, NCI-N87, BGC-823, AGS, SNU-5, KATO III and SGC-7901)

in vivo (mouse)

[105]

DBC1

NF-κB activation

in vitro (MKN45 and MGC803)

[106]

GRP94

Activation of YAP/TEAD1

and Hippo pathway

in vitro (MKN-45, MGC-803, HGC-27, NCI-N87 and GES-1)

in vivo (mouse)

[107, 108]

AFP

E-Cadherin downregulation

N-Cadherin upregulation

in vitro (AGS)

[109]

ESM1

Activation of EGFR/HER3-Akt/ANGPT2 pathway

in vitro (AGS, KATOIII, NCI-N87 and MKN45)

[110]

OPN/Tβ4

EMT regulation

in vitro (mouse primary gastric cells)

in vivo (mouse)

[111]