Fig. 1: RNA-seq and Ribo-seq screening of differentially expressed circRNAs in GC.

To construct circRNA expression profiles, RNA-seq and Ribo-seq were performed on two normal human gastric mucosal epithelial cell lines (GES-1 and HFE-145) and four human gastric cancer (GC) cell lines (AGS, MKN-28, SGC-7901, and BGC-823) using the Illumina HiSeq™ 2500 platform. A Classification of circRNAs detected by RNA-seq, grouped by circRNA type. B Distribution of circRNAs counts, as detected by RNA-seq and Ribo-seq. C Length distribution of circRNAs, as identified by RNA-seq and Ribo-seq. D Heatmap showing gene expression profiles from RNA-seq and Ribo-seq analyses across GC and normal cell lines. E KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showing the top 20 significantly enriched pathways in differentially expressed genes between normal (GES-1 and HFE-145) and GC cells. F Volcano plots of differentially expressed genes in GES-1 vs. GC and HFE-145 vs. GC comparisons, highlighting MAPK pathway-associated genes (left and middle). RNA-seq data from five pairs of GC and adjacent normal tissues. circMAP3K13 (right, black arrow) was detected in five paired GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues by RNA-seq.