Fig. 5: Pristimerin induces apoptosis and autophagy via the activation of ROS/JNK pathway.

a MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were preincubated with NAC for 2 h before a 24 h pristimerin treatment. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay. b, c MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were pretreated with SP600125 or NAC for 2 h and then treated with pristimerin (0.4 μM) for 24 h. The percentage of apoptotic cells was stained by Annexin-V/PI and analyzed by flow cytometry (B). The expression of apoptosis-related proteins and the levels of LC-3 II, p62 and Beclin-1 were assessed by Western blotting (c). Results from three independent experiments are presented. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 versus control, #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 and ###P < 0.001 versus pristimerin treatment