Table 1 Summary of numerical results.

From: Physical disruption of intervertebral disc promotes cell clustering and a degenerative phenotype

Variable (scale/units)

Explant—constrained (2)

Explant—unconstrained (3)

Variable (scale/units)

Non-degenerated (5)

Herniated (6)

Tears (0–3)

1.3 (0.3)*

1.9 (0.2)*

Tears (0–3)

1.1 (0.3)**

2.2 (1.5)**

GAG loss (0–3)

1.4 (0.4)*

2.0 (0.2)*

GAG loss (0–3)

1.3 (0.5)*

2.1 (0.4)*

Cell clustering (0–5)

1.2 (0.3)

1.5 (0.6)

Cell clustering (0–5)

1.2 (0.9)*

2.5 (1.0)*

GAG loss (DMMB μl/ml)

0.048 (0.031)**

0.090 (0.030)**

Blood Vessels (0–3)

0 (0)**

1.3 (1.1)**

MMP-1 (cells/mm2)

14.8 (12.0)*

34.5 (29.2)*

MMP-1 (cell/mm2)

13.5 (9.7)**

99.8 (71.5)**

Integrin α5β1 (cells/mm2)

17.5 (15.6)*

33.4 (20.4)*

MMP-3 (cell/mm2)

11.1 (11.0)**

84.4 (79.1)**

Denatured collagen I, II (area µm2)

820 (1201)**

7716 (5426)**

Caspase-3 (cell/mm2)

10.0 (6.3)**

67.2 (45.2)**

  1. Values refer to the mean (STD). Significant differences are shown in bold, with significance levels denoted
  2. aColumns 2 and 3 compare constrained and unconstrained explants
  3. bColumns 5 and 6 compare non-degenerated (‘control’) and herniated discs
  4. *P < 0.05
  5. **P < 0.01
Back to article page