Fig. 4: The α7nAchR inhibitor methyllycaconitine citrate (MLA) weakens the effects of VNS on STAT3, Caspase-1, and M1M2 macrophage phenotypes. | Cell Death Discovery

Fig. 4: The α7nAchR inhibitor methyllycaconitine citrate (MLA) weakens the effects of VNS on STAT3, Caspase-1, and M1M2 macrophage phenotypes.

From: Vagus nerve stimulation enhances the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway to reduce lung injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome via STAT3

Fig. 4

a Representative western blotting images of STAT3 and Caspase-1 expression in the ARDS group, ARDS+VNS group, ARDS+MLA group, and ARDS+MLA+VNS group (n = 6 biological replicates). b, c Comparison of mean intensity ratios for STAT3 and Caspase-1 between the ARDS group, ARDS+VNS group, ARDS+MLA group, and ARDS+MLA+VNS group (n = 6 biological replicates). d–g The mRNA levels of the M1 macrophage markers, iNOS and CXCL-9, and the mRNA levels of M2 macrophage markers, Arg1 and Ym1, were measured in the ARDS group, ARDS+VNS group, ARDS+MLA group, and ARDS+MLA+VNS group by qPCR and normalized to GAPDH mRNA levels (n = 6 biological replicates). The results are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 6 biological replicates); *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

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