Fig. 4: Inactivation of both p21 and ASK1 has a major impact on DMBA/TPA-induced carcinogenesis.

A In vivo DMBA/TPA induces skin carcinogenesis in 7–9 week old mice. Upper panel the indicated mice were treated once with DMBA (100 μg in 200 μl of acetone) and then continually treated with TPA (10 μg in 200 μl of acetone) twice a week for 20 weeks. The average (8 mice each group) number of papillomas per mouse is shown. The significance of the differences was calculated using one-way ANOVA. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.0005 are the significance of indicated mice compared with WT mice. B Lower panel, a representative picture of the treated mice.