Fig. 2: Blocking TAK1 attenuates microglial inflammation by reducing MAPKs pathway.

A Representative IF images of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and p-p38; Bar scale = 50 μm. B Western blotting of phosphorylation of TAK1, IκBα (p-IκBα), JNK1/2 (p-JNK1/2), and ERK1/2 (p- ERK1/2) after TAK1 inhibition. C Quantification of p-TAK1, p-IκBα, p-JNK1/2, and p- ERK1/2. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗∗P < 0.001 versus control, # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001 versus LPS group. D Representative IF images of p65 in LPS-treated microglia after TAK1 inhibition; Bar scale = 50 μm. E FCA results of F4_80-PE positive and iNOS-FITC positive cells. F Quantification of iNOS-FITC positive microglia ratio after ZO administration. G Quantification of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)−1β. H Representative IF images of TNF-α and IL-1β under TAK1 inhibition after LPS treatment; Bar scale = 50 μm.