Fig. 3: MSC-EVs treatment improves cognitive deficits in the APP/PS1 mice.

A The trajectory of three groups mice in Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. B After MSC-EVs administration for 1 month, statistical analysis presents the spatial learning session and escape latency in the experimental groups. C–E In the probe test, histogram show the platform crossings (C), percentage of the total time (PT %)-target quadrant (D), and speed (mm / second) (E) in different experimental groups. F Motion trail of each group in novel object recognition test (NORT) (N novel object, F familiar object). G Comparison of the discrimination index of WT (n = 8), AD + saline (n = 10), and AD + EVs (n = 10) groups mice. The values represent Mean ± SEM. The data meet normal distribution and the variance is homogeneous. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, nsP > 0.05.