Fig. 2: The activation of inflammatory response pathways in a variety of cells is involved in the development of RILI.
From: Radiation-induced liver injury and hepatocyte senescence

Radiation directly induces hepatocyte injury through oxidative stress and inflammatory response and then aggravates liver injury by activating liver Kupffer cells and recruiting circulating immune cells to infiltrate and activate. In the late stage of RILI, NPCs and HSC are involved in the process of liver fibrosis mainly mediated by TGF-β1. NPC: nonparenchymal cell; HSC: hepatic stellate cells.