Table 1 Roles of tsRNAs in cancer hallmarks.

tRF-Leu-CAG

tiRNA

Promote cell proliferation and cell cycle

NSCLC

Regulating AURKA

[45]

5′-tiRNAVal

tiRNA

Promote Progression and lymph node metastasis

Breast cancer

Suppresses the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by targeting FZD3

[47]

ts-46 ts-47

tRF-1s

Inhibit cell proliferation

NSCLC

\

[5]

tRNA-Glu tRNA-Asp tRNA-Gly tRNA-Tyr

i-tRF

Inhibit cell proliferation and cancer metastasis

Breast cancer

YBX1 displacement

[57]

SHOT-RNAAsp-GUC SHOT-RNAHis-GUG SHOT-RNALys-CUU

tiRNA

Promote cell proliferation

Breast cancer Prostate cancer

\

[24]

tRF/miR-1280

/

Inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and cancer stem cells phenotype

Colorectal Cancer

Repressing Notch signaling pathways

[64]

LeuCAG3′tsRNA

tRF-3s

Promote cell apoptosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Binds two ribosomal protein mRNAs (RPS28 and RPS15) to enhance their translation

[61]

tRF-1001

tRF-1s

Promote cell proliferation

Prostate cancer

Accumulation of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle

[21]

CU1276

tRF-3s

Inhibit cell apoptosis

B cell lymphoma

Association with Argonaute protein and represses endogenous RPA1

[40]

ts-3676 ts-4521

tRF-3s

Tumor suppressor

Lung cancer CLL

Interacting with Piwi Proteins

[41]

ts-43 ts-44

tRF-5s

Tumor suppressor

CLL

\

[44]

tRF-03357

\

Promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion

High-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC)

Modulating HMBOX1 in HGSOC

[52]

tRF5-Glu

tRF-5s

Inhibit cell proliferation

Ovarian cancer

Regulates BCAR3 expression

[53]

tRF-20-M0NK5Y93

tiRNA

Inhibit cell migration and invasion

Colorectal cancer

Targeting Claudin-1

[67]

tRF-315

tiRNA

Promote cisplatin resistance

Prostate cancer

Targeted the tumor suppressor gene GADD45A

[79]

tRF-3017A

tRF-3s

Promote the invasion and migration

Gastric cancer

Silencing Tumor suppressor NELL2

[69]