Fig. 2: PP induced GBM cells apoptosis and the arrest of cell cycle.

A LN18 and T98G cells were subjected to PP treatment at various concentrations for 48 h, and then flow cytometry was carried out along with annexin V-FITC and PI staining (left panel). The elevated apoptotic cells were quantified and presented in the histogram (right panel) (n = 3). B The protein levels of PARP-1, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, and survivin were evaluated through western blotting following PP treatment at different contents. C PI staining combined with flow cytometry showed cell cycle distribution in the LN18 and T98G cell lines following PP treatment at different contents. D Histograms showed LN18 and T98G cell percentages at G0/G1, S as well as G2/M phase, respectively. E The cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 protein expression within LN18 and T98G cell lines following PP treatment for 48 h. The results were presented in the manner of mean ± SD. Compared with control group, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.005; ****p < 0.001.