Fig. 3: Results of human microarray and Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), Caco2 NC groups: W2480–2482, Caco2 OE-LHPP groups: W2483–2485. | Cell Death Discovery

Fig. 3: Results of human microarray and Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), Caco2 NC groups: W2480–2482, Caco2 OE-LHPP groups: W2483–2485.

From: LHPP suppresses colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting Smad3 phosphorylation in the TGF-β pathway

Fig. 3

a Hierarchical clustering of genes which were differentially expressed in Caco2 LHPP overexpression group and negative control group; The cut-off values were | Fold change | ≥1.2 and FDR < 0.05. b Volcano plot: red points mean genes with statistical difference at least 1.2-fold change and FDR < 0.05. c Ingenuity pathway analysis. The orange rectangle means activated cell pathway and the blue rectangle means inactivated cell pathway. Positive z score >2.0 was regarded as highly activated. Conversely, a negative z score < −2.0 was regarded as highly inhibited; TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway was inactivated after upregulating the expression of LHPP in the Ccaco2 cell line. Pivotal molecules of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, including Smad3, p-Smad3, Smad4, Smad7, Jun, and Fos, were evaluated in Sw480 (d) and Caco2 and HT-29 cell lines (e) using western blot assay. f–i Relative expression levels of these proteins were calculated using Image J and Graphpad Prism 6 software. j Cell nuclear proteins, such as p-Smad3, Smad4, Snail, Slug, and Twist1 were also examined using western blot, Histon-H3 was served as control. The quantification results were presented in k to n. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.

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