Fig. 2: NPs pre-treatment prevents 6-OHDA toxicity in SHSY5Y cells.

A Phase contrast microscopy of SHSY5Y cells was exposed to 50 µM of 6-OHDA for mimicking the neurodegeneration of PD. To assess the neuroprotective ability of NPs against 6-OHDA induced cytotoxicity, cells were pre-treated with 100 nM of the hormones 24 h prior to 6-OHDA addition to the cell culture medium. Bars 100 µm. B Cell viability assay performed on SHSY5Y cells after 19 h of 6-OHDA treatment by Trypan blue dye exclusion method; results reported as a percentage of live/dead cells, are mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 3). Significance (one-way ANOVA test + Tukey post-test): *vs. untreated control (CTR), #vs. 6-OHDA; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Additional results from the one‐way ANOVA test used to analyze the differences between groups are reported in Supplementary Data. C Quantitative assessment of the protective effect exerted by NPs on neurite network performed on phase-contrast microscopic images, by counting the number of neurites/cell in treated and untreated SHSY5Y cells. A minimum of 300 cells/sample has been analyzed and results were reported as mean values ± SD from three independent experiments. Significance (two-tailed Student’s t test) *vs. untreated control (CTR), #vs. 6-OHDA; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.