Fig. 2: LPS-induced macrophage EVs cause liver damage.

a–d The EVs HMGB1 in sepsis patients serum were correlated with the levels of ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), CRP (C-reactive protein), and Pct (procalcitonin). n = 5 mice per group. e MPO (myeloperoxidase) staining in the liver of all groups; Scale bar = 200 μm. f–h Serum ALT, AST and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) levels in all groups. n = 5 mice per group. (*) P < 0.01 versus control group; (&) P < 0.01 versus LPS group; (#) P < 0.01 versus clodronate group.