Fig. 3: HMGB1 absorbed into the EVs is depend on cytoplasmic RAGE.

a The co-localization of cytoplasmic HMGB1, RAGE, endosome markers (EEA1, Rab5, Rab7) and lysosomal marker Lamp1. b The interaction between HMGB1 and RAGE was measured through Co-IP (co-immunoprecipitation). c The effect of FPS-ZM1 on the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1. (**) P < 0.01 versus control group; (&&) P < 0.01 versus control group; (##) P < 0.01 versus control group. The protein levels were normalized to GAPDH and Histone 3.1. d The protein levels of HMGB1 and RAGE within EVs. (**) P < 0.01 versus LPS group. (&&) P < 0.01 versus LPS group. The results shown are representative of three independent experiments.