Fig. 4: Activation of P2X7 with increasing concentrations of BzATP first promoted autophagy and then induced pyroptosis.

A CCK-8 assays were used to evaluate cell viability in each group. Absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 450 nm. B LDH release assays were used to detect the degree of cell damage. C Flow cytometry was used to detect the number and ratio of caspase-1/PI-stained cells, reflecting the severity of cell pyroptosis. D Statistical data for stained cells. E ELISA was used to detect IL-1β levels in cell culture supernatants from each group. F, G Western blotting and H RT-qPCR were used to detect protein and mRNA expression levels of P2X7, NLRP3, caspase-1, mTOR, AMPK, LC3B, Beclin-1, MMP13, and collagen II. Data are presented as means ± standard deviations of at least three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.