Fig. 5: Suppression of autophagy enhances BBR-induced HSC ferroptosis. | Cell Death Discovery

Fig. 5: Suppression of autophagy enhances BBR-induced HSC ferroptosis.

From: Berberine alleviates liver fibrosis through inducing ferrous redox to activate ROS-mediated hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis

Fig. 5

A HSC-LX2 cells were treated with BBR (21 μM), erastin (10 μM), RSL3 (1 μM), sorafenib (10 μM), or specific inhibitors of different cell death pathways (necrostatin-1 10 μM, Fer-1 1 μM, liproxstatin-1 100 nM, DFO 25 μM, Z-VAD-FMK 10 μM, and calpeptin 10 μM). Cell viability was assayed by CCK-8. B HSC-LX2 was exposed to BBR (21 μM) for 24 h; a whole-cell lysate was taken for cellular Fe2+, ROS production, MDA generation, and GSH depletion investigation. C HSC-LX2 were treated with or without BBR (21 μM) for 24 h; transmission electron microscopic ultrastructural features of mitochondria are shown. D, E Costained α-SMA with GPx4 or Ptgs2 in TAA-induced mouse liver fibrosis. F HSC-LX2 cells were treated with BBR (21 μM) for the indicated time, a whole-cell lysate was analyzed by western blot using antibodies against the indicated proteins. The results are expressed as mean ± SD. Data are representative of three independent experiments; n = 3–6 in every group; Scales: 1 μm, 100 μm, or 500 nm. Representative photographs are shown. Compared with the control group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; compared with the BBR group, ##P < 0.01.

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