Fig. 2: TNF-α+CHX or lupus patient sera induced GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in HK2 cells.

A HK2 cells were treated with TNF-α and CHX for 12 h, and cell viability was measured by examining LDH release. B Phase-contrast imaging of HK2 cells after TNF-α and CHX treatment. C Flow cytometric analysis of PI- and Annexin V-FITC-stained cells. D and E Western blot (left) and quantitative analysis (right) of the expression of GSDME (n = 3) in HK2 cells treated with TNF-α+CHX and sera (from lupus patients or healthy controls). F HK cells were transfected with NC- or GSDME-siRNA. G LDH release and H phase-contrast images of HK2 cells were examined after TNF-α and CHX treatment. Arrows, pyroptotic cells. The data are shown as the mean ± SD, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.