Fig. 4: GOLPH3 overexpression promotes colon cancer metastasis by enhancing EMT.

A A volcano plot showing RNA-seq-detected gene expression in HCT-116-PMSCE-Vector and HCT-116-PMSCV-GOLPH3 cells. Differentially expressed genes were filtered using a P-value < 0.05 as a threshold. Red spots represent upregulated genes, green spots represent downregulated genes, and blue spots represent genes that showed no obvious change. B Differentially expressed genes between HCT-116-PMSCV-Vector and HCT-116-PMSCV-GOLPH3 cells assessed using GO analysis. C Western blotting analysis of EMT-related markers in GOLPH3-overexpressing cells and their controls; α-Tubulin was used as an internal reference. In GOLPH3-overexpressing cells, epithelial markers (E-cadherin, γ-catenin) were downregulated, while mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, vimentin, and Snail) were upregulated. D The opposite results to those obtained in C were observed when GOLPH3 was silenced.