Fig. 1: Initial validation of light-induced cell death using MLKL(1–140)-CRY2olig fusion.

A Schematic showing overview of construct and strategy. B Quantification of FM1-43 staining in HEK293T cells expressing MLKL(1–140)-CRY2olig-mCh, MLKL(1–140), or CRY2-mCh (negative control). MLKL-expressing cells show FM1–43 staining (indicating cell permeabilization) in 100% of expressing cells with light, but also substantial membrane leakage in the dark. The graph shows the average and range of the two experiments. C Representative HEK293T cells expressing MLKL(1–140)-CRY2olig-mCh before and after blue light exposure (images show mCherry fluorescence). Light exposure leads to the recruitment and clustering of MLKL at the plasma membrane, leading to pronounced cell rounding and death. Scale bar, 10 µm.