Fig. 2: Organoids as a supplement of the clinical treatment reference index.

A Patient-derived tumor organoids have the potential to choose therapy for the individual patient. It can provide feedback to the clinician to adjust the treatment decision based on the drug screening results. B This shows the registration numbers of ongoing clinical trials based on colorectal cancer organoids [129], including registered Clinical trials from US ClinicalTrials.gov, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, etc [130, 131].