Table 1 Culture systems for colorectal cancer organoids.
Cancer lesion | Enzyme | Concentration | Digestion time | Growth factors | Required or absent | Function of growth factors in organoid culture | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Colon | Collagenase IX Dispase II | 75 U/mL 125 g/mL | 30–60 min | Adv.DF12 + + +  Wnt3a* R-spondin Noggin EGF Nicotinamide N-acetylcysteine Gastrin-1 A83-01 SB202190 Y-27632 PGE2# FGF-2# FGF-10# N2 supplement# B27 supplement | + +/− + + + + + + + + +/− +/− +/− +/− +/− + | Basal medium to reduce serum use Stemness/Wnt signaling activator Stemness/Wnt signaling enhancer BMP inhibitor Mitogen Stemness/cystic phenotype Antioxidant Mitogen/Prolong survival TGF-β inhibitor p38MAPK inhibitor ROCK inhibitor /Block apoptosis Wnt activator/cystic phenotype Mitogen Mitogen Cofactor mixture Cofactor mixture based on N2 | [21] |
Colon and Rectum | Collagenase II Hyaluronidase | 1.5 mg/ml 20 ug/ml | 30 min | [68] | |||
Colon and Rectum, Liver and ovarian (metastasis) | Liberase TH TrypLE Express | 1x 1x | 60 min | [31] | |||
Colon and Rectum | Collagenase IV Trypsin-EDTA | 250 U/mL 0.05% | unknown | [10] | |||
Colon and Rectum (metastasis) | PBS/EDTA TrypLE Express | 1 mM 2x | 60 min | [67] | |||
Colon and Rectum, Liver and Peritoneum (metastasis) | Collagenase II Hyaluronidase IV | 1.5 mg/mL 10 mg/mL | 15–60 min | [100] | |||
Rectum | Collagenase XI Dispase II TrypLE Express DNase I | 100 U/ml 125 μg/ ml 1x 3 mg | 40 + 10 min | [69] | |||
Colon and Rectum | Collagenase A Hyaluronidase | 0.5 mg/mL 20 mg/mL | 30 min | [85] | |||
Rectum | Collagenase IV Collagenase II Hyaluronidase Dispase II | 500 U/mL 1.5 mg/mL 20 mg/mL 0.1 mg/mL | 30–60 min | [70] | |||
Peritoneum (metastasis) | Collagenase IV Dispase Hyaluronidase DNase I | 67.5 U/mL 0.23 U/mL 8–20 U/mL 50 units/mL | 30–60 min | [74] |
