Fig. 4: Ef.LTA/NaB activates the NLRP3 inflammasome.

A PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells were treated with NaB (10 mM) in the presence or absence of Ef.LTA (10 μg/ml) for 6 h. The cells were lysed, and ASC or NLRP3 proteins were immunoprecipitated with appropriate antibodies. Then, the immunoprecipitated complexes were analyzed by Western blotting using specific antibodies to NLRP3 or caspase-1. The expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and ASC was determined by Western blotting. B, C PMA-differentiated ASC-GFP-THP-1 cells were treated with Ef.LTA (10 μg/ml), NaB (10 μM), or Ef.LTA/NaB for 6 h. B The cells were fixed, observed and photographed by fluorescence microscopy. The arrows indicate ASC speck formations. C ASC specks per cell were enumerated using ImageJ software. E. coli LPS (1 μg/ml)/Nigericin (10 mM) was used as a positive control. *p < 0.05.