Fig. 2: Ionizing radiation activates DNA damage response signaling pathways.
From: Ionizing radiation triggers mitophagy to enhance DNA damage in cancer cells
Cell cycle arrest was observed at 48 h after X-ray irradiation in human pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and SW1990, as well as murine melanoma cell lines B16 and S91 (A). Western blot analysis was performed to quantify the expression of p53/CyclinB1/p21 proteins (B). ATR/Chk1, ATR/Chk2, and BRCA1 expression was detected in cells (C–G) and tumors (H–J). Immunofluorescence (K–M) and western blot (N) analyses were conducted to detect the formation of foci and expression levels of DNA damage sensors γ-H2AX, 53BP1, and PARP1.
