Fig. 4: TUNEL staining in HK2 cells incubated with SARS-CoV-2 treated with target inhibitor.

A HK2 cells incubated with SARS-CoV-2 (dilution/1:103) treated with mock or TLR4 inhibitor (for 72 h incubation). The lower graphs show TUNEL positive area (left) and TUNEL/DAPI ratio (right). B HK2 cells incubated with SARS-CoV-2 (dilution/1:105) treated with mock or TLR3dsRNA inhibitor or IL-1R antagonist (for 72 h incubation). The lower graphs show TUNEL positive area (left) and TUNEL/DAPI ratio (right). The lower graphs show TUNEL positive area (left) and TUNEL/DAPI ratio (right). TUNEL/Green, DAPI/Blue. One-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s test was performed for statistical analyses, and significance was defined as **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. The scale bar is 100 μm.