Fig. 1: Tat-SP4 induced autophagy in TNBC cell lines.

a Sequence and chemical structure of Tat-SP4. A cell-penetrating Tat sequence (colored in blue) is added to the N-terminal of Tat-SP4. C-terminal is the Beclin-1 targeting segment. The α-helical structure is stabilized by hydrocarbon staple. b, d, f Western blot to assess the p62 level and LC3 lipidation profile in b MDA-MB-231, d MDA-MB-468, and f BT549 cell lines after treatment with 10 and 20 μM of Tat-SP4 for 3 h, in the presence or absence of 30 μM CQ. c, e, g Quantification of p62 levels and LC3 lipidation profiles from the western blot data. The levels of LC3-II and p62 were normalized to the β-actin level. L: low concentration (10 μM); H: high concentration (20 μM). h, i, j Western blot to assess the p62 level and LC3 lipidation profile in h MDA-MB-231, i MDA-MB-468, and j BT549 cell lines after treatment with the indicated concentration of rapamycin for 3 h. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 4); *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001, and individual points represent independent wells of cultured cells.