Fig. 6: d-pep-P6 could induce differentiation of leukemia cells that derived from M5 AML individuals.

A Expression of TLR-2 of peripheral blood CD34⁺ cells isolated from M5 AML (M5) individuals and healthy donors (HD) was measured by real-time PCR. ***P < 0.001 (t-test). n = 7 individuals per group. B Cell surface markers CD34, CD11b, and CD14 were detected by FACS after 14 days of incubation with d-pep-P6 or pep-NC (10 μg/ml). **P < 0.05 (paired t-test). n = 4 individuals per group. C Expression of CD11b and CD14 of leukemia cells were exposed to 10 μg/ml d-pep-P6 or 10 μg/ml pep-NC were measured by real-time PCR at Day 0, Day 7, and Day14 ***P < 0.001 (paired t-test). n = 4 individuals per group. D The colony-forming efficiency of CD34 cells from AML donors, healthy donors, and THP-1 cells was assessed. These cells were incubated with d-pep-P6 or pep-NC (10 μg/ml) for 15 days and subsequently examined using light microscopy. ***P < 0.001 (paired t-test). n = 3 individuals per group. E Cytokine expression profiles were measured by ELISA. Leukemia cells were exposed to d-pep-P6 or pep-NC for 14 days. The supernatants were collected, and the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured. Results were shown as mean and SEM. ***P < 0.001 (paired t-test). n = 4 individuals per group. F CD34⁺ cells isolated from individuals with M5 AML (M5) were incubated with d-pep-P6 (10 μg/ml), pep-NC (10 μg/ml), or PMA for 48 h. After incubation, suspended cells were gently removed through a PBS wash, and the morphological features were visualized using phase-contrast microscopy. The phenotype was detected through May-Grünwald Giemsa staining. n = 3 individuals per group.