Fig. 3: Sub-FS may increase TSP-1/TGF-β1, excitatory synapse and glutamate levels.

A–C Gray bands and normalized gray values of TSP-1 and TGF-β1 relative to GAPDH at 3 days (n = 4/group). D–H Gray bands and normalized gray values of PSD-95, Synapsin I and VGLUT1 relative to GAPDH at 3 days (n = 4/group). I, J Number of positive PSD-95 signals and representative immunohistochemical results of PSD-95 (green) in EC at 3 days (scale bar = 5 μm, n = 4/group). Blue, DAPI. K–N Immunohistochemical results of VGLUT1 (green) and CAMKII (red) in EC at 3 days (scale bar = 10 μm, n = 4/group). Blue, DAPI. O Content of glutamate (n = 6/group) in EC and CA3 and (P) ratio of normalized power spectra intensity of beta waves (n = 5/group) at 3 days. Mean ± SEMs were presented. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs control group (One-way ANOVA).