Fig. 4: The protective roles of Garcinol in abnormal differentiation potentials of BMSCs from osteoporotic mice.

A ALP and ARS staining images of BMSCs after osteogenic induction, which were isolated from the CTL group, OVX group, OVX + 10 mg/Kg Garcinol group and OVX + 20 mg/Kg Garcinol group. Scale bar=100 μm. B The statistical results of ARS staining (left) and ALP staining (right). C The expression levels of ALP, BMP4 and Runx2 were calculated by qRT-PCR analysis. D ORO staining images of BMSCs after adipogenic differentiation induction. Scale bar=50 μm. E The statistical results of ORO staining. F The mRNA expression of PPARγ, Fabp4 and C/EBPα was assessed by utilizing qRT-PCR analysis. N = 4. The comparisons among groups were analyzed by ANOVA analysiss. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001 vs. the CTL group. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 and ####P < 0.0001 vs. the OVX group. ARS alizarin red S, ALP alkaline phosphatase, BMP4 bone morphogenetic protein 4, Runx2 runt-related transcription factor 2, ORO oil red O, PPARγ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, Fabp4 fatty-acid-binding protein 4, C/EBPα CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α.