Fig. 1: Selection and validation of downregulated miRNAs in HCC liver tissue.

(A) Heatmap represents the downregulated miRNAs in liver tissues of HCV-HCC (n = 5) vs. Control (n = 5). qRT-PCR analysis was performed with liver tissue samples from progressive disease stages of (B) HCV infection and (C) HBV infection including chronic hepatitis C (CHC) or chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and normal (control). In vitro validation of the expression of the five downregulated miRNAs in (D) Huh7 and (E) SNU449 cells transfected with HCV and HBV producing plasmids, pS52/JFH1 (pHCV) and pSV2neoHBV2x (pHBV) vs. mock. p value was calculated using Mann–Whitney test for B, C and unpaired student’s t-test for D, E. *, **, ***, and **** indicate p value < 0.05, <0.01, <0.001, and <0.0001, respectively. ns indicates not significant.