Fig. 8: Assessment of the effects of LCA on the cytostatic activity of chemotherapy drugs.

MTT assays were performed after 48 hr treatment of Capan-2 cells with chemotherapy compounds alone or in the presence of LCA (0.03 µM). Data are presented as means ± SEM from three biological replicates. Individual assays were measured in quadruplicate. Values were normalized to vehicle-treated cells. Nonlinear regression was performed on datasets to obtain IC₅₀ values. Normality was determined using the D’Agostino and Pearson normality test. The 5-FU/LCA, GEM/LCA, OXA/LCA, and PAC/LCA datasets had normal distributions. IRI/LCA dataset normality was achieved by logarithmic transformation. Statistical differences were determined by two-way ANOVA, and all data points were compared with each other (in Tukey post hoc tests). #, ##, and ### indicate p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively, vehicle-treated vs. chemotherapy drug-treated cells. 5FU 5-fluorouracil, GEM gemcitabine, IRI irinotecan, LCA lithocholic acid, OXA oxaliplatin, PAC paclitaxel.