Fig. 3: Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of down- and up-regulated genes across three principal ontologies.

A The graph provides the enrichment scores from a Gene Ontology analysis focusing on down-regulated genes, categorized into the domains of Biological Processes (BP), Cellular Components (CC), and Molecular Functions (MF). The bars, color-coded as orange for BP, green for CC, and blue for MF, illustrate the degree of each GO term within the studied dataset. Notably, BP terms such as regulation of insulin secretion’ and ‘lipid homeostasis’ show the highest enrichment scores, indicating their significant down-regulation in the genomic profile. B The figure delineates a series of genes with their corresponding log fold changes (logFC), indicating a down-regulation in expression levels. The color-coded segments represent individual genes, while the connecting ribbons illustrate their binding to specific GO terms associated. The GO terms lists include cell-cell junctions, synaptic activity, and binding activities (such as calmodulin and glycosaminoglycan). C The chart depicts the enrichment scores derived from a GO analysis for up-regulated genes. Notably, “calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity” in the MF category and “insulin secretion” in the BP category exhibit the highest enrichment scores, suggesting significant up-regulation in these functional areas. D The figure draws the genes with their corresponding logFC. GO terms associated with these genes are listed, including those related to cell-cell junctions, synaptic activity, and binding activities (such as calmodulin and glycosaminoglycan).