Fig. 4: Bithionol inhibits NF-κB signalling in AML cells. | Cell Death Discovery

Fig. 4: Bithionol inhibits NF-κB signalling in AML cells.

From: Bithionol eliminates acute myeloid leukaemia stem-like cells by suppressing NF-κB signalling and inducing oxidative stress, leading to apoptosis and ferroptosis

Fig. 4

A Western blot of phospho-IKKα/β (Ser176/180), IKKα, IKKβ, NF-κB p65, phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536), phospho-IκBα (Ser32) and IκBα in the AML KG-1a, KG-1, Kasumi-1 and HL-60 cell lines treated with bithionol for 72 h. GAPDH was used as an internal control. B, C Effect of bithionol (28 μM) on the levels of phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536) after 24 h of treatment in KG-1a cells, as assessed by flow cytometry. D, E Effect of bithionol (28 μM) on the levels of phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser529) after 24 h of treatment in KG-1a cells, as assessed by flow cytometry. The vehicle (0.2% DMSO) was used as a negative control (CTL). The data are shown as the mean ± SEM of three biological replicates carried out in duplicate. * p < 0.05 compared with CTL by Student’s t test. MFI = mean fluorescence intensity. F Representative immunofluorescence images of NF-κB p65 in KG-1a cells after 24 h of incubation with 28 μM bithionol. Scale bar = 25 μm. G Up- and downregulated genes in KG-1a cells after 12 h of treatment with 28 µM bithionol. Genes that displayed RQ ≥ 2 (red bars) were upregulated, and those that displayed RQ ≤ 0.5 (green bars) were downregulated.

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