Table 3 Major PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors used in clinical practices to treat lung cancer.
From: The miRNA and PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis: an arsenal of immunotherapeutic targets against lung cancer
Sr.No. | Drug | Trademark | FDA approval date | Acting domain | Major binding sites | Type of antibody | Affinity (KD) | Population | Stage | Overall response rate (ORR) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Nivolumab | Opdivo | Sept., 2014 | N-loop; FG, BC loop | D29, R30, S60, K131;P28, L128, A129 etc. | IgG4/anti PD-1 | 1.45 nM | France, Germany, Italy, and USA | stage IIIB or IV | 17% | [70] |
2. | Pembrolizumab | Keytruda | Dec., 2014 | C’D loop | N66, T76, K78,S87,K131; F63, E84, S87N etc. | IgG4/anti PD-1 | 400 pM | Japan | stage IV | 40% | [152] |
3. | Atezolizumab | Tecentriq | May, 2016 | CC’FG antiparallel -sheet; BC, CC’, C’C” and FG loops | E58,Q66, V111 (hydrogen bond); R113, R125 (salt bridge) | IgG1/anti PD-L1 | 1.75 nM | China | stage IV | 11.90% | [157] |
4. | Durvalumab | Imfinzi | May, 2017 | Parallel -sheet; A, G, F and CC’ loops/strands | D26, R113;NY123, K124, R125 (hydrogen bond) | IgG1/anti PD-L1 | 0.667 nM | Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America, and South Africa. | stage III | 66.30% | [160] |
5. | Avelumab | Bavencio | March, 2017 | Parallel -sheet; CC’FG loop/strand | I54, Y56, M115, Y123 (hydrogen bond); E58, Q66, R113, A121 | IgG1/anti PD-L1 | 0.046 nM | USA | stage IIIB or IV | 12% | [64] |
