Fig. 1: Genomically informed radiotherapy for brain metastases. | Cell Death Discovery

Fig. 1: Genomically informed radiotherapy for brain metastases.

From: Genomic predictors of radiation response: recent progress towards personalized radiotherapy for brain metastases

Fig. 1

A Genomic profiling of patients with brain metastases may enable the stratification of patients to optimal radiotherapy plan based on genomic alterations which affect radiation response. B Genomic alterations may additionally be used as prognostic biomarkers as well as for determination of treatment response, with liquid biopsy having large potential as an alternative to radiographic assessment. C Pathway-directed therapies may also be given in combination with radiotherapy to augment patient response. For example, mutations in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway, which mediates defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS), have been shown to be predictive of local recurrence following radiotherapy and may be targeted to restore radiosensitivity. CSF cerebrospinal fluid, ROS reactive oxygen species, Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Keap1 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein, sMaf small Maf proteins; ARE antioxidant response elements.

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