Fig. 3: ATF4 facilitated M1 polarization in BV2 cells treated by MPP⁺.

A, B Expressions of M1 phenotype markers by western blot. C Inhibition of ATF4 attenuated M1 phenotype. D Exogenous ATF4 augmented M1 phenotype. E, F Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry results of PC12 cells incubated for 24 h in media from BV2 cells treated with or without MPP⁺.