Fig. 4: Effect of DNZ cell viability and rate of proliferation in testicular cells (GC-1 spg, TM3, and TM4).

A Cell viability was assessed in GC1 spg, TM3, and TM4 cells following treatment with DZN (0–700 µM for 24 h and 48 h). DMSO was used as the control treatment. Values on graph are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. B Ki67 immunostaining of GC1 spg, TM3, and TM4 cells exposed to 0–300 µM DZN for 24 h. Scale bar = 100 µm. C Graph showed the percentage of Ki67 positive cell in GC-1 spg, TM3, and TM4 cells after DZN treatment at 24 h (n = 3). Asterisks indicate significant differences between the treatment and control groups at **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001.