Fig. 1: glial markers in the nonhuman spinal cord display sex and age dimorphisms.

Quantification of the expression of IBA1 (A), GFAP (B), CNPase (C), BRCA1 (O) and S100β (R) in midlife and old males and females. Representative brightfield micrographs of IBA1 (D, G & J), GFAP (E, H & K), CNpase (F, I & L), BRCA1 (M, P & S) and S100β (N, Q & T) expression in the nonhuman primate spinal cord. Sections from the same animal, an old male, are shown for all staining (D-L, N, Q & T), except for BRCA1, where sections from an old female are presented in (M, P & S). Three different magnifications are shown for each marker. Scale bars (D-I, M-N and P-Q): 200 µm; (J-L and S-T): 100 µm. Statistics *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001, un-paired t-test. Lemurs: n = 3 animals per group. For each individual, we quantified 10 spinal cord sections for IBA1, 8 sections for GFAP, 9 sections for CNPase, 7 sections for BRCA1 and S 100β. Sections were 14 µm thick and spaced 630 µm apart.