Fig. 1: Advanced ccRCC tissues are enriched with CAFs.

A UMAP plot of CAFs derived from ccRCC tissues at different stages of progression, colored by tissue origin. B IHC staining detection of FAP on ccRCC tissues. Scale bar, 50 μm. C Immunofluorescence detection of α-SMA and FAP on ccRCC tissues. Scale bar, 100 μm. D Western blotting assay of α-SMA and FAP in primary isolated NFs and CAFs. E qRT-PCR analysis of pro-inflammatory genes expression of NFs and CAFs. Each experiment was performed three times independently and results are presented as mean ± s.d. Student’s t-test was used to analyze the data (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).