Table 1 PTMs by metabolites in cancer.

Name of modification	Metabolite	Residue modified	Protein targets	References
Lactylation	Lactate	Lysine	MRE11	[24]
			NBS1	[25]
			p53	[22]
			DCBLD1	[26]
			cGAS, PKM2, METTL16, HMGB1	[23, 27,28,29]
			Histone H3	[30,31,32,33]
Crotonylation	Lysine	Lysine	RPA1	[38]
			CANX	[39]
			SEPT2	[40]
			PGK1, PKM2, GAPDH, HK2, IDH1, ENO1, FASN, GAPDH, Vincullin, etc.	[41]
			Histone H3, H4	[35, 42, 43]
Acetylation	Acetate	Lysine	c-MYC	[45]
			SP1	[47]
			SOX13	[48]
			Histone H3	[49]
Palmitoylation	PA	Cysteine	AKT	[58]
			PHF2	[59]
			cGAS	[61]
			PD-L1	[60]
			β-catenin, GSDMD, NLRP3, NRAS, STING	[56, 62,63,64,65]
Succinylation	Succinate	Lysine	LACTB	[76]
			SUCLG2	[73]
			P53	[79]
			LDHA	[80]
			GAPDH, ME2, IDH2, MDH2, ACOT9, GLS, FBN1, POLRMT, KEAP1	[73, 81,82,83,84]
			Histone H3	[75, 78, 85]

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