Fig. 5: SPON2 regulates cytokine secretion and promotes M2 macrophage polarization in vitro. | Cell Death Discovery

Fig. 5: SPON2 regulates cytokine secretion and promotes M2 macrophage polarization in vitro.

From: SPON2 facilitates osteosarcoma development by inducing M2 macrophage polarization through activation of the NF-κB/VEGF signaling axis

Fig. 5

A Western blotting shows that SPON2 knockdown in MG63 cells reduces IL10, CCL2, and CSF1 secretion. LPS treatment restores IL10 and CCL2, but not CSF1. B RT-qPCR shows decreased expression of M2 markers (ARG1 and CD206) in THP-1 cells co-cultured with SPON2-knockdown MG63 cells. LPS treatment reverses these changes. C Western blotting reveals reduced levels of CD68, MAC-2, and CD206 in macrophages co-cultured with SPON2-knockdown OS cells, with LPS restoring expression. D Flow cytometry confirms that the proportion of F4/80⁺CD206⁺ cells is reduced in THP-1-derived macrophages co-cultured with SPON2-knockdown OS cells, but is partially restored following LPS treatment. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3 biological replicates). One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test was used for statistical analysis. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

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