Fig. 6: SPON2 knockdown suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in vivo.

A Lung metastatic nodules are fewer in mice injected with sh-SPON2 K7M2 cells. Arrowheads indicate the metastatic nodules. B H&E staining of lung tissue confirms the reduction in metastatic lesions in the sh-SPON2 group. Scale bar = 100 μm. C Tumor and lung weights are significantly reduced in the SPON2 knockdown group compared to controls. D Ki67 immunostaining shows reduced tumor cell proliferation in the sh-SPON2 group. Scale bar = 50 μm. LPS pretreatment of SPON2-knockdown cells results in moderate increases in lung metastases, tumor and lung weights, and Ki67 expression, attenuating the inhibitory effects. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6 biologically independent samples). Statistical analysis is performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test (A–C). **p < 0.01.