Fig. 5: ZIKV infection increases EV release from human astrocytes. | Cell Discovery

Fig. 5: ZIKV infection increases EV release from human astrocytes.

From: Zika virus propagation and release in human fetal astrocytes can be suppressed by neutral sphingomyelinase-2 inhibitor GW4869

Fig. 5

Astrocytes were infected with ZIKV stains PRVABC59 or MR766 for 24 h and the cultures were washed and supplemented with fresh media for another 24 h. a–c Electron micrograph of EVs from the mock-infected control and ZIKV strains MR766- or PRVABC59-infected astrocytes. Scale bar: 500 nm. d EVs were isolated from normalized volumes of supernatants in mock-infected and ZIKV-infected astrocyte cultures based on whole cell protein concentrations. EVs were visualized through NanoSight for number of EVs (1:100, y-axis) and size of EVs (nm, x-axis). e Quantifications of EV number were performed through NanoSight. Results are representative of three independent experiments. ***p < 0.0001 in comparison to mock-infected control (ANOVA, N = 5). f The levels of flotillin-2 and Alix in EVs, as well as the levels of GFAP and β-actin in WCL were determined by Western blot. g Densitometric quantifications of flotillin-2 and Alix in EVs were presented as a ratio to β-actin and normalized as fold changes to mock-infected control. *p < 0.05 in comparison to mock-infected control (ANOVA, N = 3). CTL control

Back to article page