Fig. 3: ORF3a blocked autophagosome–lysosome fusion.
From: The SARS-CoV-2 protein ORF3a inhibits fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes

a ORF3a blocked autophagosome–lysosome fusion, as shown by autophagy flux assays. HeLa cells with stable expression of mCherry-GFP-LC3 were observed by fluorescence confocal microscopy after expression of ORF3a. Scale bars, 0.25 μm. b ORF3a caused the accumulation of formed autophagosomes in HeLa cells. Control cells and ORF3a-expressing cells were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Arrows indicate the accumulated formed double-layered autophagosomes in cells. Scale bars, 10 μm.