Fig. 1: Characterization of BMMC compartments in COVID-19 patients.

a Schematic diagram of the experimental design. ScRNA-seq of BMMCs derived from six COVID-19 patients and three age-matched HCs from public library were analyzed. b Feature plot of transcription activities for the marker genes of major cell types. c UMAP display of a total of 39,090 BMMCs. Five major cell types are indicated. d UMAP display of the distributions of BMMCs from HCs, mild, and severe patients. e Proportions of four major cell types (excluding erythrocytes) in BMMCs for HCs, mild, and severe patients. f UMAP display of 20 clusters. g Heatmap showing the relative expression of marker genes for each cell type. Colors indicate expression, while the size of the circles represents the proportion of expressed cells. h Proportions of total T cells, total monocytes, and total granulocytes in HCs, mild, and severe patients. i Fraction of CD4⁺ naïve T cells and CD4⁺ memory T cells among total cells. j Percentage of CD14⁺ monocyte among total cells. k Proportion of LTF⁺ granulocytes among total cells. l Ratio of total B cells, plasma cells, and immature B cells among total cells. m The aligned reads of the BMMC scRNA-seq dataset to the SARS-CoV-2 genome. The blue circle represents the genome of SARS-CoV-2, while red and gray circles represent positive control (previously reported BALF scRNA-seq dataset from COVID-19 patients) and BMMC samples, respectively. n Viral-Track analysis of the BMMCs scRNA-seq dataset. Only the positive control dataset (scRNA-seq data from BALF of COVID-19 patients⁶) showed QC passed (diamond dot) signals of SARS-CoV-2. P values for pairwise comparisons were calculated, unpaired two-sided Student’s t-test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, n.s., not significant.