Fig. 2: Cell population architectures across the menstrual cycle identified SFRP4⁺ stroma cells as potential regenerative endometrial cell populations.

a UMAP plot of four uterus stroma cell sub-populations, donor ID and secretory/proliferative origin phases using Seurat. b Heatmap shows differential expressed gene signature of each sub-cluster from stromal cells. c Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the specifically expressed gene signature of each sub-population from stroma cells. d Featureplot depicted specific markers for each stroma sub-population (SCGB1D2 for secretory stroma cells; SFRP4 for SFRP4⁺ stroma cells; DCN for DCN⁺ stroma cells; IL6 for inflammatory stroma cells). e Cell proportions of endometrial stromal in the proliferative and secretory phase of the endometria. f Heatmap showed relative proportional score of each subpopulation in endometria during the menstrual cycle from proliferative, early-secretory, mid-secretory to late-secretory phase of human endometria, the black arrow highlighted the proliferative epithelia and SFRP4⁺ stroma with high relative proportional score in proliferative phase. g Immunofluorescence staining of SFRP4⁺ stroma in different phase of menstrual cycle. Scale bar, 10 µm.