Fig. 5: Memory phenotype differentiation of specific memory T cells.

a Overlay flow cytometry plots in the I-I-δ, I-I-ο, M-M-ο, and I-I-I groups showing S/M/N/E- and RBD-specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell phenotypes in ex vivo assay. b, c Frequency of different RBD-specific CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells in the I-I-δ (n = 25), I-I-ο (n = 21), M-M-ο (n = 9), and I-I-I (n = 40) groups. d Overlay flow cytometry plots showing RBD-specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell phenotypes in in vitro assay. e, f Frequency of different RBD-specific CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells in the I-I-δ, I-I-ο, M-M-ο, and I-I-I groups. Data in bar charts are shown as the means ± SEM and those in dot plots as the mean. Each dot represents one donor. Comparisons were performed using Mann–Whitney tests. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.