Fig. 1: Intratumoral injection of BNT162b2 reduces tumor growth and extends survival in vaccinated mice.

a Experimental design of the BNT162b2-based cancer therapy. Intramuscular BNT162b2 vaccinations were administered after cancer cell implantation (n = 5 or 6 per group). b Survival curves comparing intratumoral BNT162b2 treatment group and intratumoral PBS control group. c, e Tumor growth curves of the intratumoral BNT162b2 treatment group vs untreatment control group, PBS control group, LNP alone control group, spike mRNA alone control group, Luc mRNA-LNP control group, mutant spike mRNA-LNP control group, SinoVac control groups, and RBD control groups in the B16F10 melanoma model. The experiments are described in a. g, i, k Tumor growth curves of the intratumoral BNT162b2 treatment group vs PBS control group in the CT26 colon cancer model, MB49 bladder cancer model, and 4T1 breast cancer model, based on the experimental design in a. d, f, h, j, l Photos of tumors from the treatment and control groups at the endpoints of the experiments described in a. i.m.: intramuscular injection; i.t.: intratumoral injection; s.c.: subcutaneous injection; i.mfp.: intramammary fat pad injection.